Lots of options for hyperpigmentation - the right treatment depends on many factors & may require prescription strength meds combined with procedures. That being said, here are some of my favorites: ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ➡️ Retinoids: related to Vitamin A. Includes over the counter (OTC) products like retinols (for anti-aging) & adapalene (for acne) as well as prescription strength retinoic acid products such as tretinoin which are more potent & work faster. ➡️ Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): antioxidant with essential bodily functions. Thought to interrupt melanin production in the skin. Formulation & packaging matter here as topical Vitamin C is very labile. ➡️ Hydroquinone - gold standard skin lightening agent. Works by inhibiting melanin synthesis. Commonly used to treat melasma, sun-related age spots, & post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). These days it generally requires a prescription. ➡️ Azelaic Acid - Thought to work by inhibiting production of free radicals & competitively inhibiting an enzyme critical in melanin synthesis. Available OTC & prescription strengths. Bonus: one of a few agents safe in pregnancy when treating acne, rosacea, and pigmentary disorders! ➡️ Kojic Acid - derived from fungus! Fights pigmentation by inhibiting an enzyme essential for melanin production. Works well in combination with other ingredients mentioned here. ➡️ Tranexamic Acid - in topical form, most often utilized in treatment of melasma. Oral form requires a prescription & a lengthy discussion with a derm experienced with its use, as it has contraindications that must be carefully screened for. ➡️ Glycolic Acid - alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) known for its exfoliative properties. Helps fight pigment via epidermal remodeling & accelerated desquamation (AKA faster shedding of dead, damaged, or discolored skin cells). ➡️ Sunscreen - Rule #1 🥇 in treating hyperpigmentation. UV triggers melanin production & can worsen photosensitive conditions like melasma and PIH. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ I’ll highlight some of my go-to budget and luxury brand options in an upcoming post - stay tuned!