Skin science: acne scars. These help: ✅Retinoids and vitamin C: both promote collagen production in the dermis and prevent breakdown of existing collagen by enzymes known as collagenases. Retinoids bind the retinoic acid receptor and effect gene transcription, while vitamin C is a cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen production like lysyl hydroxylase. ✅Microneedling: by creating microtrauma to the skin, microneedling stimulates growth factors that result in fibroblast production of collagen in the dermis. Also, microneedling helps to break up scar tissue and adhesions that causes acne scars. ✅Resurfacing lasers: ex) CO2 laser. By a similar mechanism as microneedling, resurfacing lasers creating microtrauma to the skin, which causes regeneration and repair of collagen #skin #derm #dermatology #acne #acnescars #acnescarring #microneedling #collagen #epidermis #dermis #retinoids